In the Name of God Recent Military Aggression by the Zionist Regime and the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran On the 13th June 2025, the Islamic Republic of Iran faced one of the most severe and most organized military aggressions in recent years. The attack, which continued incessantly for twelve days and it was planned and carried out by the Zionist regime with the direct and indirect support of certain Western powers, including the United States of America. From the perspective of international law, this action constitutes a clear case of “aggression” and explicitly violates Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations, the principle of the prohibition on the use of force, the four Geneva Conventions (1949), United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231, and other peremptory norms of international humanitarian law. This large-scale military aggression, in addition to its humanitarian and legal dimensions, has had significant strategic consequences at the regional and international levels. More than 1,100 innocent Iranian civilians, including children, women, and the elderly, lost their lives in these attacks, and hundreds more were injured. Civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, ambulances, prison, residential areas, and medical and security facilities, were widely targeted and severely damaged. These facts not only reveal the depth of the war crimes committed, but also constitute a blatant violation of human rights and the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law, calling on the international community to respond with urgency, responsibility, and action. What makes this aggression even more concerning is its coincidence with the Islamic Republic of Iran’s diplomatic efforts to revive negotiations and return to the path of nuclear dialogue. While Islamic Republic of Iran was on the verge of beginning a new round of indirect nuclear talks, the Zionist regime, with the overt support of the United States and certain Western countries, attacked Islamic Republic of Iran’s peaceful nuclear facilities—facilities under the full and continuous (24/7) supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), with no possibility of diversion toward nuclear weapons production. This attack constitutes an open betrayal of the diplomatic process, an undermining of the legal regime of nuclear non-proliferation, and a disregard for international norms, potentially triggering dangerous consequences, including the acceleration of nuclear weapons proliferation in the region and beyond. Accordingly, what lies before the Islamic Republic of Iran today is not merely a security or military matter, but a serious test for the credibility of global diplomacy and the effectiveness of international institutions. If such a flagrant act of aggression remains without an appropriate and responsible response, it will send a deeply dangerous message for the world order, the principle of deterrence, and the maintenance of international peace and security. The Islamic Republic of Iran reiterates that the only sustainable and genuine solution is dialogue, mutual respect, and full adherence to international law, and that any attempt to impose a military solution is doomed to fail. As a State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently emphasized its legitimate right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy, including uranium enrichment. Under this Treaty, as long as member states have no intention to produce nuclear weapons, they have the right to conduct enrichment without limitation. Islamic Republic of Iran, in particular, requires enrichment for medical and research purposes, including the Tehran Research Reactor, which plays a vital role in producing cancer-treatment medicines. In 2011, Western countries, especially the United States, by obstructing the supply of materials needed for this reactor, compelled Islamic Republic of Iran to produce 20% enriched uranium—an action that was humanitarian in nature and essential to saving the lives of Iranian patients. Therefore, Islamic Republic of Iran’s enrichment activities are not only legal, but fully consistent with its obligations under the NPT. With respect to the recent attacks on nuclear facilities, this marks the first time that locations under IAEA monitoring have been targeted. While welcoming constructive cooperation with the Agency, the Islamic Republic of Iran stresses that to ensure the continuation of such cooperation, it requires sufficient and appropriate legal guarantees. To this end, a law has been passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament) that will form the basis of future cooperation. Inspectors from the IAEA will soon visit Islamic Republic of Iran to discuss setting the framework for cooperation in accordance with this legislation, with an emphasis on robust guarantees for cooperation and compliance with domestic laws. Regarding the threat by three European countries to activate the “snapback” mechanism under United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231, this is a clear example of the political misuse of international legal instruments to exert pressure. The Islamic Republic of Iran considers this action ineffective and devoid of legal or political legitimacy, noting that these countries have not only failed to fulfill their commitments under the JCPOA, but have also supported the recent military aggression against Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear facilities. Accordingly, these states lack the necessary standing to activate the snapback mechanism and cannot be considered credible parties to the JCPOA. This issue, together with the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA in 2018 and the failure of the European parties to deliver on their economic promises, has seriously undermined the agreement. The Islamic Republic of Iran, while declaring its readiness to take appropriate measures, emphasizes that the European parties must bear full responsibility for the consequences of their decisions. In conclusion, the Islamic Republic of Iran, while fully prepared to defend itself, reaffirms its determination to continue developing peaceful nuclear technologies and to safeguard its legitimate rights. Nuclear technology is an inseparable part of the country’s strategic future in the medical, agricultural, industrial, and environmental fields, and no power can stop it. Also, supporting oppressed nations in the region, including Palestine, will remain one of the main pillars of Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy. Regarding Palestine, the Islamic Republic of Iran expresses its deep concern over the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza and strongly condemns the crimes of the Zionist regime against the defenseless Palestinian people, particularly the ongoing genocide by starving the people of Gaza. Islamic Republic of Iran also supports any action or initiative that can lead to stopping the violence and alleviating the suffering of the oppressed Palestinian people. The international community, especially Islamic countries, is expected to condemn the inhumane actions of the Zionist regime and take steps to prevent a greater catastrophe in the region. The United States is also expected to halt the shipment of lethal weapons to the occupying regime and compel it to stop the genocide, as well as to allow the entry of humanitarian aid and its dignified distribution through internationally recognized mechanisms.   The Embassy of Islamic Republic of Iran – Bandar Seri Begawan